(Paleo)ocean circulation during different climatic regimes and related proxy variability will be discussed while sequentially introducing different concepts and aspects. Theory and application of marine proxies will be illustrated by relevant case studies. In particular the Glacial world will be contrasted to the (present-day) Interglacial, and compared to high-frequency (e.g. El-Nino) paleoceanographic and proxies variations. Amongst the aspects to be discussed are: Glacial climate and its forcing; sediment dating techniques; paleoproductvity; pCO2 reconstruction; oxygenation; sea surface temperature; deep water circulation; and proxy preservation. Current important scientific questions will be addressed and different view points discussed. The course teaches students hands on scientific research so that they can ‘hit the ground running’ in climate related projects.