The geography of Europe is developing within several contexts. In the post Cold War situation, the main geopolitical cleavage no longer divides Europe as it did for half a century. From then on, the process of European integration was placed for new opportunities. This challenging situation urged West European states to rethink their intergovernmental relations in a much broader scope. At that time, the EU had just adapted itself to deal with regional disparities, brought in by the mid-eighties enlargement. New Member States laid a claim on behalf of their disadvantaged areas. The regional question came on the agenda and never disappeared since. On the contrary, new enlargements place the EU for a much bigger challenge of convergence. Competing in a ‘level playing field’ the size of a continent puts regions in a completely new and daring position. The choice is one between claiming subsidies and demanding autonomy, or playing the game both ways. Now that regions in Europe are once more on the map their political position and cultural identity is clearly at stake. In this course, several geographical scales are being studied.